Tuesday, June 12, 2007

GLOBAL REGENTS JUNE 2005 ANSWERS



Page 1
Global History
and Geography
June 21, 2005
Part I
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Contents of the Rating Guide
For both Part II (thematic) and Part III B (DBQ) essays:
• A content-specific rubric
• Prescored answer papers. Score levels 5 and 1 have two papers each,
and score levels 4, 3, and 2 have three papers each. They are ordered
by score level from high to low.
• Commentary explaining the specific score awarded to each paper
• Five prescored practice papers
For Part III A (scaffold or open-ended questions):
• A question-specific rubric
Mechanics of Rating
The following procedures are to be used in rating papers for this exami-
nation. More detailed directions for the organization of the rating process
and procedures for rating the examination are included in the Information
Booklet for Administering and Scoring the Regents Examination in Global
History and Geography and United States History and Government.
Updated information regarding the rating of this examination may be
posted on the New York State Education Department’s web site during
the rating period. Visit the site http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/ and
select the link “Examination Scoring Information” for any recently
posted information regarding this examination. This site should be
checked before the rating process for this examination begins and at
least one more time before the final scores for the examination are
recorded.
Copyright 2005
The University of the State of New York
THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Albany, New York 12234
FOR TEACHERS ONLY
The University of the State of New York
REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION
GLOBAL HISTORY
AND GEOGRAPHY
Tuesday, June 21, 2005 — 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only
SCORING KEY AND RATING GUIDE
G
LOBAL
H
ISTORY
and G
EOGRAPHY
Scoring the Part I Multiple-Choice Questions
On the detachable answer sheet, indicate by means of a checkmark each
incorrect or omitted answer to multiple-choice questions; do not place a
checkmark beside a correct answer. Use only red ink or red pencil. In the
box provided on the answer sheet, record the number of questions the stu-
dent answered correctly in Part I.
Rating the Essay Questions
(1) Follow your school’s procedures for training raters. This process should
include:
Introduction to the task—
• Raters read the task
• Raters identify the answers to the task
• Raters discuss possible answers and summarize expectations for stu-
dent responses
Introduction to the rubric and anchor papers—
• Trainer leads review of specific rubric with reference to the task
• Trainer reviews procedures for assigning holistic scores, i.e., by
matching evidence from the response to the rubric
• Trainer leads review of each anchor paper and commentary
Practice scoring individually—
• Raters score a set of five papers independently without looking at the
scores and commentaries provided
• Trainer records scores and leads discussion until the raters feel confi-
dent enough to move on to actual rating
(2) When actual rating begins, each rater should record his or her individ-
ual rating for a student’s essay on the rating sheet provided, not directly
on the student’s essay or answer sheet. The rater should not correct the
student’s work by making insertions or changes of any kind.
(3) Each essay must be rated by at least two raters; a third rater will be nec-
essary to resolve scores that differ by more than one point.
Rating the Scaffold (open-ended) Questions
(1) Follow a similar procedure for training raters.
(2) The scaffold questions need only be scored by one rater.
(3) The scores for each scaffold question may be recorded in the student’s
examination booklet.
The scoring coordinator will be responsible for organizing the movement
of papers, calculating a final score for each student’s essay, recording that
score on the student’s Part I answer sheet, and determining the student’s
final examination score. The chart located at the end of these scoring mate-
rials must be used for determining the final examination score.
[2]
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[3]
Global History and Geography
Content-Specific Rubric
Thematic Essay
June 2005
Theme: Global Problems
Throughout history, global problems have posed major challenges for nations and regions.
Task: Select two different global problems and for each
• Describe one major cause of the global problem
• Discuss one effect of the global problem on a specific nation or region
You may use any global problem from your study of global history. Some suggestions you might wish to
consider include environmental pollution, desertification, deforestation, overpopulation, refugees, spread of
disease, international drug trafficking, and ethnic conflicts.
Scoring Notes:
1. This thematic essay has a minimum of four components (two aspects [a major cause and an effect]
for each of two global problems).
2. Both global problems may focus on the same nation and/or region, e.g., overpopulation in China
and the spread of disease in China
3. Some of the same information may be used for the major cause and/or the effect of both global
problems, e.g., Mao Zedong’s policies in China led to overpopulation and these policies also led to
famine
4. The major cause of one global problem may lead to another problem as the effect, e.g., one effect
of ethnic conflict could be refugees; one effect of overpopulation could be the spread of disease or
one effect of desertification has been widespread famine
5. The description of problems in the United States is not acceptable although the discussion of the
effect of the global problem could involve the United States, e.g., international drug trafficking
affects people world wide and has caused the United States to participate in raids on growers and
labs in Colombia and Venezuela
Score of 5:
Thoroughly develops all aspects of the task evenly and in depth by describing a major cause of two different
global problems and discussing one effect of each global problem on a specific nation or region
Is more analytical than descriptive (analyzes, evaluates, and/or creates information), e.g., a discussion of
deforestation might relate the contribution of population pressures and poverty in Brazil to the exploitation
of the rain forest and subsequent deforestation, or many of the proposals made at the gathering of nations in
1992 at the United Nations-sponsored Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro such as limiting the migration of
people to the rain forest have not been implemented
Richly supports the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details, e.g., greenhouse gases; overgrazing;
damage to the ozone layer; fossil fuels; Green Revolution; International Monetary Fund
Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion that are
beyond a restatement of the theme
[4]
Score of 4:
Develops all aspects of the task but may do so somewhat unevenly by describing one aspect of the task
more thoroughly than another
Is both descriptive and analytical (applies, analyzes, evaluates, and/or creates information), e.g., a discussion
of deforestation of the rain forest might include the profits made by lumber companies or it might describe
the attempts to control the problem made by the United Nation’s Earth Summit
Supports the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details
Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion that are
beyond a restatement of the theme
Score of 3:
Develops all aspects of the task with little depth or develops at least three aspects of the task in some depth
Is more descriptive than analytical (may apply, analyze, and/or evaluate information)
Includes some relevant facts, examples, and details; may include some minor inaccuracies
Demonstrates a satisfactory plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion that may be a
restatement of the theme
Examples of developing at least three aspects in some depth at Level 3
Holistic Scoring Reminder: These examples apply only to the evaluation of Bullet 1.
A response meeting the criteria below does not, by itself, make it a level 3 response
1. Describes one major cause of a global problem and discusses one effect of that global problem on a
specific nation or region; describes one major cause of a second global problem
2. Describes one major cause of a global problem and discusses one effect of that global problem on a
specific nation or region; discusses one effect of a second global problem on a specific nation or
region
Exception: If at least two components have been thoroughly developed evenly and in depth, and the
response meets most of the other Level 5 criteria, the overall response may be a Level 3 paper.
Score of 2:
Minimally develops all aspects of the task or develops at least two aspects of the task in some depth
Is primarily descriptive; may include faulty, weak, or isolated application or analysis
Includes few relevant facts, examples, and details; may include some inaccuracies
Demonstrates a general plan of organization; may lack focus; may contain digressions; may not clearly
identify which aspect of the task is being addressed; may lack an introduction and/or a conclusion
Examples of developing at least two aspects in some depth at Level 2
Holistic Scoring Reminder: These examples apply only to the evaluation of Bullet 1.
A response meeting the criteria below does not, by itself, make it a level 2 response
1. Describes one major cause of a global problem and discusses one effect of that global problem on a
specific nation or region
2. Describes one major cause of two global problems
3. Discusses one effect for two global problems
4. Describes one major cause of a global problem; discusses one effect of a second global problem
[5]
Score of 1:
Minimally develops some aspects of the task
Is descriptive; may lack understanding, application, or analysis
Includes few relevant facts, examples, or details; may include inaccuracies
May demonstrate a weakness in organization; may lack focus; may contain digressions; may not clearly
identify which aspect of the task is being addressed; may lack an introduction and/or a conclusion
Score of 0:
Fails to develop the task or may only refer to the theme in a general way; OR includes no relevant facts,
examples, or details; OR includes only the theme, task, or suggestions as copied from the test booklet; OR is
illegible; OR is a blank paper
[6]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 5 – A
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 5 – A
[7]
[8]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 5 – A
Anchor Level 5-A
The response:
Thoroughly develops all aspects of the task evenly and in depth by describing the causes and
discussing the effects of the bubonic plague in 14th-century Europe and the Palestinian refugee
situation in the Middle East
Is more analytical than descriptive (bubonic plague: today we might not think of the bubonic
plague as a global problem but in the 14th century it was; Church’s influence weakened; feudalism
and manorialism were no longer feasible; people took advantage of scarcity of labor, making
money for themselves; plague paved the way for strong monarchs; Palestinian refugees: the Arab
people saw the idea of sharing the land as not acceptable; the League of Nations directed Britain to
put the Balfour Declaration into effect; refugee situation has become an essential question in the
peace process; refugee situation intensified after the occupation of Gaza and the West Bank in
1967; the humanitarian crisis has made the world focus on the situation in the Middle East;
political instability and social unrest might be resolved with the re-creation of a Palestinian state;
controversy continues over Israeli settlements in the West Bank while the threat of terrorism
causes worries about a permanent peace)
Richly supports the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details (bubonic plague: plague
spread from trade routes in China to trading ships in Constantinople; rats; fleas; unsanitary
conditions in cities; of Europe’s population died; the weakening effect on the church; decline of
feudalism; manorialism and feudalism were the primary economic and political systems since the
fall of the Roman Empire; Palestinian refugees: Balfour Declaration of 1917; World War I; World
War II; United Nations partition of Palestine; Israeli War of Independence; thousands of
Palestinians displaced; refugee camps set up in Lebanon and Jordan; peace process; suicide
bombings; humanitarian crisis)
Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion
that are beyond a restatement of the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 5. In the response, the discussion of the
Arab-Israeli crisis is at times somewhat confusing because of the lack of chronology; however, the
analysis and detailed information are strong. Especially effective is the discussion of the decline of
feudalism and the description of the historical development of the Palestinian refugee situation.
[9]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 5 – A
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 5 – B
[10]
[11]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 5 – B
[12]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 5 – B
Anchor Level 5-B
The response:
Thoroughly develops all aspects of the task evenly and in depth by describing the causes of
deforestation of the Brazilian rainforest and the overpopulation in China and discussing the effects
of each problem
Is more analytical than descriptive (deforestation: the level of oxygen may decrease when the
rainforest is cut down; flora and fauna as well as tribal cultures will be destroyed; the loss of
species may affect the development of medicines; the loss of a popular tourist spot must be
weighed against the need for farmland; overpopulation: medical and scientific breakthroughs have
contributed to increasing population globally; despite threats, which led to a brief decline, the
population continues to grow; geographically, most of China cannot sustain large numbers of
people; China’s population grew immensely; due to the one-child policy, many children die or are
given up for adoption; government instituted programs such as the Green Revolution and Four
Modernizations to address population growth)
Richly supports the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details (deforestation: Brazil; Amazon
rainforest; ecosystem; oxygen; photosynthesis; lumber companies; medicines and natural remedies;
causing erosion and endangering species; overpopulation: Great Famine; over a billion people;
Thomas Malthus; increased food production; relocation of population; one-child policy; human
rights violation)
Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction that is beyond a
restatement of the theme and a conclusion that restates the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response best fits the criteria for Level 5. The response is somewhat uneven
in the discussion of the effects with more elaboration on deforestation; however, the descriptions and
discussions of both problems are substantial. Although the flow of the narrative is somewhat awkward,
analytical and evaluative comments are made throughout the response.
[13]
[14]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 4 – A
[15]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 4 – A
[16]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 4 – A
Anchor Level 4-A
The response:
Develops all aspects of the task but does so somewhat unevenly by describing and discussing
genocide in Germany more thoroughly than the spread of disease in Latin America
Is both descriptive and analytical (genocide: Hitler used the country’s weakness to manipulate his
way into government; many resented the Treaty of Versailles and became convinced that Germany
had been “stabbed in the back”; Hitler convinced many that Jews were in a conspiracy to ruin the
economy; Hitler provided a scapegoat for German citizens; Allies conducted Nuremberg Trials for
“crimes against humanity,” specifically genocide; many hoped genocide had ended but it has
continued to occur; spread of disease: the lack of immunity to Spanish diseases caused the Aztecs
to die quickly; the diseases helped weaken the Aztec defense; present-day Mexico is more like
Spain in many ways though it is influenced by the native cultures; African civilizations disrupted
by slave trade)
Supports the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details (genocide: World War II; depression;
Hitler; failure of German economy; concentration camps; work camps; extermination camps;
United Nations; spread of disease: conquistadors; Aztec religious beliefs; small pox and measles;
Aztec lack of immunity to diseases; Spanish plantations)
Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction that is slightly
beyond a restatement of the theme and a conclusion that restates the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 4. While the response addresses all
components of the task, the description of the spread of disease in Latin America among the Aztecs is
developed in general terms and is somewhat simplistic. The description and discussion of genocide
under Hitler’s rule is more thorough and presented with detail. Although the conclusion is a weak
summary of the essay, specific facts and details about the causes of the problems throughout the
discussion strengthen the response.
[17]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 4 – B
[18]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 4 – B
[19]
Anchor Level 4-B
The response:
Develops all aspects of the task by describing the causes and discussing the effects of the spread of
European disease to America and the ethnic conflict in Germany under Hitler
Is more descriptive than analytical (spread of disease: Spanish began the slave trade with Africa
because the Europeans needed to find new people to use for labor; European contact with natives
led to decreased populations in the Americas and in Africa; ethnic conflict: Germany’s history
stained; economic despair of the depression and anger at the Treaty of Versailles exploited by
Hitler to blame Jews; while claiming to help Germany, Hitler and the Nazis created labor and death
camps for the Jewish people; Jews left for Palestine and took their skills with them; the success of a
nation can depend on how they recuperate from a global challenge)
Supports the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details (spread of disease: gold; glory;
conversion; immunity; slave trade with Africa; ethnic conflict: genocide; Holocaust; World War II;
master race; labor camps; 6 million Jews died; Aryans)
Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion
that are somewhat beyond a restatement of the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 4. The response uses relevant detailed
information to develop all components of the task, but it is somewhat repetitive. Although the
formulation of problems as challenges is not explored, the idea of global repercussion of events is
introduced.
[20]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 4 – B
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 4 – C
[21]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 4 – C
[22]
Anchor Level 4-C
The response:
Develops all aspects of the task by describing the causes and discussing the effects of refugees in
the Middle East and the spread of the bubonic plague in the Middle Ages
Is both descriptive and analytical (Palestinian refugees: history is filled with examples of refugees
fleeing their native lands, from Attila the Hun to displaced persons after World War II; many
Palestinians thought it necessary to abandon their homes after Israel became a Jewish state in 1948;
many Arab nations cannot sustain the Palestinian refugees; many Palestinians want what they call a
right of return; in a practical sense, the continued migration of Jews means Israel does not have the
necessary resources; peace in the Middle East means solving the refugee problem; problems of
conflict are often tied to problems of refugees; spread of disease: most historians think the bubonic
plague traveled to the Middle East on the Silk Roads; land and crops were abandoned because so
many peasants died; people abandoned their families and villages because they did not want the
disease; bubonic plague caused people to question their religion and the Catholic Church started to
lose power; seeds of doubt were planted and probably helped cause the Protestant Reformation
many years later; fears caused by disease still cause panic today)
Supports the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details (Palestinian refugees: Jewish state;
1948; Arab states; Kashmir, the Congo, and Taiwan are examples where refugees are a problem;
spread of disease: towns and city streets filled with garbage; rats came on board ships in
Constantinople with the disease; over one-third of the population killed; AIDS; SARS)
Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion
that restate the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 4. The response includes many facts and
details, but in some cases, they are not fully explained and discussed. Some of the conclusions that are
drawn from the information such as relating the effects of both problems to current situations are
sophisticated and strengthen the response.
[23]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 3 – A
[24]
[25]
Anchor Level 3-A
The response:
Develops most aspects of the task in some depth by describing the causes and discussing the effects
of overpopulation and the spread of disease in China
Is more descriptive than analytical (overpopulation: Mao Zedong encouraged people to have more
children so there would be more workers; a mother that had more than ten children was called
“hero mother”; they did not have enough food to feed the overpopulation; China tried to control the
birth with the one-child family; gave money to couples to limit their family; program not very
successful; large families needed for labor in rural areas; overpopulation continues to cause
economic problems in China; spread of disease: SARS spread to other countries because the
Chinese government did not think it was a serious disease; it caused many people not to go to
China and affected the economy; scientists say SARS spread from animals to humans; SARS has
disappeared; many people think it is in the past but the threat remains)
Includes some relevant facts, examples, and details (overpopulation: Deng; spread of disease:
SARS; workers live near the animals they kill; other countries passed rules to control wildlife
markets)
Demonstrates a satisfactory plan of organization; includes an introduction that is somewhat beyond
a restatement of the theme and a conclusion that restates the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 3. Although the response reflects personal
observations and contains anecdotal commentary, it addresses most aspects of the task in some depth.
The use of China as the setting of each issue is appropriate, and the discussion of the effects includes
their impact on other world regions.
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 3 – A
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 3 – B
[26]
Anchor Level 3-B
The response:
Develops most aspects of the task by describing overpopulation in China and discussing its effects
in greater depth than describing and discussing the spread of disease
Is more descriptive than analytical (spread of disease: during the Spanish conquest of Latin
America the native population was exposed to disease; in Africa, the spread of HIV and AIDS has
resulted in many deaths; not easy to control and annihilate the virus which is bringing so much
death; disease has affected both the economy and lifestyles of countries; overpopulation:
government attempts to control China’s population included issuing laws restricting families to
one-child to get government benefits; many families wished for boys; gave girls up for adoption,
and despite penalties for multiple births, families tried to have more children; creates problems in
pollution; resources and food scarcities occur between over-consumption and not enough
production)
Includes some relevant facts, examples, and details (spread of disease: Spanish conquest; Latin
America; overpopulation: pollution; overcrowding)
Demonstrates a satisfactory plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion that
refer to the theme in a general way
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 3. Although the discussion of the spread of
diseases is very general, the use of both the spread of disease to the natives in colonial Latin America
and the spread of HIV and AIDS in Africa strengthens the response. The treatment of overpopulation in
China demonstrates an understanding of both the causes and consequences of this problem.
[27]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 3 – B
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 3 – C
[28]
[29]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 3 – C
[30]
Anchor Level 3-C
The response:
Develops all aspects of the task with little depth by describing the causes and discussing the effects
of poverty throughout the world and AIDS in African countries
Is more descriptive than analytical (poverty: shortage of jobs available because of overpopulation in
developing countries; there are so many workers available in China that those with jobs get
minimal pay; if a family is too poor for a child to attend school, the chances of that child getting
good paying jobs are small; one-child policy used to try and address the problems; policy was not
very successful, although population has decreased; AIDS: some countries have higher rates
because of lack of knowledge or medical aid; millions are infected because of contaminated
medical equipment; people carrying the disease do not know they are infected; trouble finding
people to take care of the infected people)
Includes some relevant facts, examples, and details (poverty: unhealthy conditions; lack of food,
shelter, medical care, education; Deng Xiaoping; AIDS: claims hundreds of thousands of lives;
Ethiopia; unprotected sex)
Demonstrates a satisfactory plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion that are
more than a restatement of the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 3. The discussion of all of the components
of the task is very general and contains few specific details. The response is primarily descriptive and
lacks analysis. The use of poverty as a global problem is interesting and well thought out, and a few
good, specific facts are included in the discussion.
[31]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 2 – A
[32]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 2 – A
[33]
Anchor Level 2-A
The response:
Minimally develops all aspects of the task by describing the causes and effects of environmental
pollution and deforestation
Is primarily descriptive (environmental pollution: countries and companies pay people to get rid of
toxic waste; if fish uneatable, a fishing nation will lose money because trade fails; deforestation: if
they keep cutting it down, the rainforest oxygen levels will drop; medical cures might be lost if
rainforest is cut down)
Includes few relevant facts, examples, and details (environmental pollution: toxic waste dumped
into the oceans; toxic water causes fish to die; pollution from fossil fuels and daily human waste;
deforestation: in South American jungles, trees being cut down and burned to create more
farmland)
Demonstrates a general plan of organization; includes an introduction that states how global
problems are increased by new technology and concludes by expressing the opinion that the world
needs to think about how to clean up the problems that have been created and they have caused
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 2. Overgeneralizations, such as most of
world’s oxygen supply is in the rainforest, weaken the response. Although some vague and confusing
statements are included in the response, the discussion shows an understanding of the causes and
effects of these two global problems.
[34]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 2 – B
[35]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 2 – B
Anchor Level 2-B
The response:
Minimally develops all aspects of the task by mentioning the causes and effects of environmental
pollution and deforestation
Is primarily descriptive (environmental pollution: main cause of pollution is from factories;
chemicals are a main cause of acid rain, which is very harmful to humans, animals, and plant life;
deforestation: caused by humans; wood needed for everything from building houses to making
furniture; cutting down trees at a faster rate than they grow back; stranded many animals who lived
in this region with no home so they died or roamed to places where they did not belong)
Includes few relevant facts, examples, and details (environmental pollution: main concern for
wildlife preservation groups; factories let out chemicals and water into the air; deforestation: big
problem in South America where there are many rainforests; many animals have become extinct)
Demonstrates a general plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion that are a
restatement of the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response best fits the criteria for Level 2. Personal opinions and
overgeneralizations weaken the response. Although the response is somewhat repetitive, a few specific
examples are included in the narrative.
[36]
[37]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 2 – C
[38]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 2 – C
Anchor Level 2-C
The response:
Minimally develops some aspects of the task by describing a cause of the spread of disease in
colonial America, mentioning a cause of AIDS, and mentioning one effect of these global problems
Is primarily descriptive; includes weak and isolated application and analysis (spread of disease:
Europeans increased trade and made a profit; diseases also carried by animals that Europeans
brought; doubt there were vaccines to prevent disease; AIDS: people in Africa are dying because
they do not have the technology to prevent it)
Includes few relevant facts, examples, and details (spread of disease: many people in Europe sailed
across the Atlantic Ocean to a new world; Europeans brought diseases with them to the new world;
many people killed by new diseases brought over by Europeans; AIDS: having many kids is part of
African culture because large families needed to do work); includes some inaccuracies (more than
half the population in Africa is AIDS positive)
Demonstrates a general plan of organization; contains digressions; includes an introduction that is
somewhat beyond a restatement of the theme and lacks a conclusion
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 2. While both examples deal with the
spread of disease, the two diseases are treated as separate global problems. However, the selection of
two such closely related global problems weakens the response. Statements are made that may have an
element of truth, but they are not supported with specific details.
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 1 – A
Anchor Level 1-A
The response:
Minimally develops some aspects of the task by describing the causes of environmental pollution
Is descriptive (pollution is caused by every nation that has any technology or industry; pollution is
caused mainly by factories and vehicles)
Includes few relevant facts, examples, or details (gasoline-powered vehicles; exhaust from large
vehicles pollutes)
Demonstrates a general plan of organization; includes an introduction but lacks a conclusion
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 1. This response discusses environmental
pollution citing factories and gasoline-powered vehicles as the cause. Few facts are provided to support
some good general statements. Although deforestation is mentioned in the introduction, the response
provides no comments on this problem.
[39]
[40]
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 1 – B
[41]
Anchor Level 1-B
The response:
Minimally develops some aspects of the task by mentioning the causes of AIDS and desertification
Is descriptive (AIDS: people are not educated about the disease and do not have medical technology
to deal with it); lacks application or analysis
Includes few relevant facts, examples, or details (AIDS: extreme poverty; Africa; China); includes
inaccuracies (desertification: happened when whole forests were cut down; ruined forest life and
the source of oxygen for the world)
Demonstrates a general plan of organization; includes a rhetorical introduction and conclusion
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 1. Although the response addresses two
different global problems, the information provided is limited. The discussion of desertification
confuses this problem with deforestation. The discussion on AIDS includes some interesting
information, but the development is limited.
Anchor Paper – Thematic Essay—Level 0
Anchor Level 0
The response:
Fails to develop the task; includes only the theme as copied from the test booklet; includes no relevant
facts, examples, or details
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for level 0. Although two global problems are
selected, the information provided does not address the task. For example, the opinion expressed about
China’s one-child policy has no relationship to global warming.
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Thematic Essay—Practice Paper – A
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Thematic Essay—Practice Paper – B
Thematic Essay—Practice Paper – B
Thematic Essay—Practice Paper – C
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Thematic Essay—Practice Paper – C
Thematic Essay—Practice Paper – D
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Thematic Essay—Practice Paper – E
Thematic Essay—Practice Paper – E
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Thematic Essay—Practice Paper – E
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Thematic Essay—Practice Paper – E
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Practice Paper A—Score Level 1
The response:
Minimally develops some aspects of the task by mentioning the causes of environmental pollution
and deforestation
Is descriptive (environmental pollution: result of people burning things that are against the law;
deforestation: when loggers eventually take out the whole forest); lacks application and analysis
Includes few relevant facts, examples, and details (environmental pollution: burning rubber; oil
tankers lose oil at sea; deforestation: loggers come in and take out a bunch of trees)
Demonstrates a general plan of organization; includes an introduction and conclusion that are a
restatement of the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 1. Minimal information is used to address
the causes of environmental pollution and deforestation. The response merely mentions that these
problems affect all regions.
Practice Paper B—Score Level 3
The response:
Develops all aspects of the task with little depth by mentioning the causes and effects of
overpopulation and deforestation
Is more descriptive than analytical (overpopulation: “baby boom” in China; one-child policy
created to control the population; living conditions and quality of life suffered; deforestation: many
uses of rainforest trees; species of animals killed; new medicines and medical discoveries lost)
Includes some relevant facts, examples, and details (overpopulation: China most populated country
on earth; creation of one-child family; deforestation: loss of rainforests in South America)
Demonstrates a satisfactory plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion that are
somewhat more than a restatement of the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 3. Although the discussion provides few
facts for overpopulation and deforestation, some attempt is made to address the causes and effects of
these global problems. This response shows a satisfactory understanding of these topics. For example,
overpopulation is linked to the ability to produce enough food and resources to support the number of
people living on the land.
[53]
Practice Paper C—Score Level 2
The response:
Minimally develops all aspects of the task by discussing causes and effects of deforestation and
mentioning a cause and an effect of desertification
Is primarily descriptive; includes weak and isolated application and analysis (deforestation:
rainforests in Latin America are shrinking along with many species that inhabit them;
desertification: Sahara Desert getting bigger and bigger)
Includes few relevant facts, examples, and details (deforestation: cutting down of trees for land or
natural resources; cutting down of trees causes less oxygen and more carbon dioxide in the air;
desertification: enlarging of deserts; overgrazing by cattle)
Demonstrates a general plan of organization; does not clearly identify which aspect of the task is
being addressed; includes an introduction and a conclusion that restate the theme and emphasize
that the problems discussed are of increasing importance
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 2. All aspects of the task are briefly
addressed with some details to support deforestation. The simplistic statements of facts demonstrate a
limited understanding of the task.
Practice Paper D—Score Level 2
The response:
Minimally develops all aspects of the task by describing the causes and discussing the effects of
global warming and overpopulation
Is primarily descriptive (global warming: the greenhouse effect is when poisonous gases are
trapped in the atmosphere; the heat from the earth can’t escape through this smog; overpopulation:
restrictions on number of kids in a family helped but overpopulation continues to be a problem);
includes weak and isolated analysis (the greenhouse effect is causing drastic changes in weather
patterns)
Includes few relevant facts, examples, and details (global warming: greenhouse gases; warming of
the polar ice caps; overpopulation: traditional views of population; the government in China placed
restrictions on the number of kids in a family)
Demonstrates a general plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion that are
simple restatements of the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 2. While the response contains some
information and makes some interesting comparisons, the discussion lacks analysis and specific details
to support these generalizations.
[54]
Practice Paper E—Score Level 5
The response:
Thoroughly develops all aspects of the task evenly and in depth by describing the causes of the
spread of diseases to Latin America and genocide in Nazi Germany and discussing the effects of
these global issues
Is more analytical than descriptive (spread of disease: the Spanish were able to gain control partly
because of the diseases spread to native peoples; as a result of the loss of native workers, Spanish
brought African slaves to Latin America; disease became a global problem when many natives died
and Africans were enslaved; Africans brought more changes to the social structure of the Americas;
genocide: Hitler gained political power by offering Germans someone to blame for the economic
and political problems of the 1920s and 1930s; European tradition of blaming Jews continued by
Hitler; United Nations Declaration of Human Rights was a reaction to the Holocaust)
Richly supports the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details (spread of disease: Aztecs;
Mayas; Incas; conquistadors; gold; glory; bringing God; Columbus; Cortez; Pizarro; Caribbean
Islands; Mexico; South America; small pox; measles; African slaves; genocide: Nazi Germany;
Adolf Hitler; Mein Kampf; master race; Aryan race; S. S. officers; ghettos; scapegoat; concentration
camps; death camps; 12 million people killed; 6 million Jews killed; crematoriums; ethnic
cleansing in Rwanda and former Yugoslavia)
Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion
that are beyond a restatement of the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 5. The historical background of both global
problems is discussed with substantial detail and adds to the overall quality of the response. Analytical
statements and specific historical information are present throughout the discussion. The response
points out how the spread of disease in Latin America and the loss of Jewish lives during the Holocaust
of World War II are global problems.
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Document 1
. . . Though the great princes were apt to remain aloof, western knights responded readily to the
appeal of the holy war. Their motives were in part genuinely religious. They were ashamed to
continue fighting amongst themselves; they wanted to fight for the Cross. But there was also a
land-hunger to incite them, especially in northern France, where the practice of primogeniture
[eldest son inherited all] was being established. As a lord grew unwilling to divide his property
and its offices, now beginning to be concentrated round a stone-built castle, his younger sons had
to seek their fortunes elsewhere. There was a general restlessness and taste for adventure in the
knightly class in France, most marked among the Normans, who were only a few generations
removed from nomadic freebooters. The opportunity for combining Christian duty with the
acquisition of land in a southern climate was very attractive. The Church had reason to be
pleased with the progress of the movement. Could it not be applied also to the eastern frontier
of Christendom? . . .
Source: Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades, Cambridge University Press, 1951
Global History and Geography
Part A Specific Rubric
Document-Based Question—June 2005
1 According to this document, state one reason European knights and soldiers joined the Crusades.
Score of 1:
States a reason European knights and soldiers joined the Crusades
Examples: they wanted to fight for the Cross; acquisition of land; land; the practice of primogeniture;
adventure; to gain land in a better climate; appeal of the holy war
Score of 0:
Incorrect response
Examples: the Church forced them; princes remained aloof; lords owned castles
Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: holy war; enemies; Normans could go; they were great princes; they wanted to
No response
[56]
Document 2
. . . One positive, undisputed result of the Crusades was a greatly expanded knowledge of
geography gained by the West. With the coming of such vast hordes of invaders from all points
of Europe, the veil of the “mysterious East” had been lifted for good. . . .
The Arab builders learned much about military masonry from the Crusaders who had brought
this knowledge from Normandy and Italy. In constructing the famed Citadel of Cairo, Saladin
had taken some of the features of Crusaders’ castles he had observed up and down the Levant
[lands of the Eastern Mediterranean]. Then, when the great cathedrals of Europe began to rise
in a somewhat later period, their builders installed windows of stained glass made with a
technique which had originated with the ancient Phoenicians of Syria and passed along by
Syrian Arabs to Europeans living in the East. . . .
From a purely military point of view, the Crusades must be written off as a failure for the
West, because, after changing hands so many times, the territory comprising the Christian
Kingdom of Jerusalem reverted [returned] to the Moslems [Muslims] for good. But during that
two-century struggle between East and West, it is plain now that each side made major
contributions to the culture of the other. That vast interchange let in a few rays of light over a
darkened Europe, and removed for good the wall of ignorance that had always existed between
Europe and Asia. . . .
Source: “Legacy of the Crusades,” Aramco World, VII, May 1956
2a According to this document, what was one positive, unexpected outcome of the Crusades on Western
civilization?
Score of 1:
Identifies a positive, unexpected outcome of the Crusades on Western civilization
Examples: greatly expanded knowledge of geography; veil of the mysterious East had been lifted for
good; stained glass in cathedrals of Europe used techniques which had originated with
ancient Phoenicians of Syria
Score of 0:
Incorrect response
Examples: Europe was invaded; knowledge was brought from Normandy and Italy
Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: geography; Arab builders
No response
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2b According to this document, what was one positive, unexpected outcome of the Crusades on Muslim
[Moslem] civilization?
Score of 1:
Identifies a positive, unexpected outcome of the Crusades on Muslim civilization
Examples: Arab builders learned much about military masonry; features from the Crusaders’ castles
were copied; western features used in construction of the Citadel of Cairo; increased trade
with the West
Score of 0:
Incorrect response
Examples: Arab control of Normandy and Italy; Arab builders used Crusaders to build their castles
Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: two-century struggle; construction
No response
2c Based on this document, state one reason the West was disappointed with the outcome of the
Crusades.
Score of 1:
States a reason the West was disappointed with the outcome of the Crusades
Examples: they were a military failure; Jerusalem was returned to the Muslims for good
Score of 0:
Incorrect response
Examples: they conquered the land; Christians won the land back
Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: Jerusalem; land; land changed hands many times
No response
[58]
Document 3
Source: Kime and Stich, Global History and Geography STAReview, N & N, 2003
3 According to this diagram, what were two reasons for World War I?
Score of 1:
Identifies two reasons for World War I as shown in the diagram
Examples: entangling alliances; militarism; arms race; nationalism; no international peace
organization; imperialism; international disquiet; economic competition; build-up of
weapons; colonialism
Note: To receive the one point credit, two different reasons from the diagram must be identified.
Award no credit if only one reason is given.
Score of 0:
Incorrect response
Examples: economic; international
Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: peace; distrust; guns; they didn’t like each other
No response
Document 4
Selected Articles from the Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919)
Article 45:
As compensation for the destruction of the coal-mines in the north of France and
as part payment towards the total reparation due from Germany for the damage
resulting from the war, Germany cedes [gives] to France in full and absolute
possession, with exclusive rights of exploitation, unencumbered and free from all
debts and charges of any kind, the coal-mines situated in the Saar Basin . . .
Article 119:
Germany renounces [surrenders] in favour of the Principal Allied and Associated
Powers all her rights and titles over her oversea[s] possessions. . . .
Article 231:
The Allied and Associated Governments affirm [acknowledge] and Germany
accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and
damage [for World War I] to which the Allied and Associated Governments and
their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon
them by the aggression of Germany and her allies. . . .
Source: Versailles Treaty
4a According to this document, how was France repaid for losses suffered during World War I?
Score of 1:
States how France was repaid for losses suffered during World War I
Examples: Germany ceded the coal mines in the Saar Basin; compensation; reparation payments from
Germany; coal mines
Score of 0:
Incorrect response
Examples: coalmines were destroyed; Germany became part of France
Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: part payment; they were given stuff
No response
4b According to this document, what was a consequence of World War I for Germany?
Score of 1:
Identifies a consequence of World War I for Germany
Examples: loss of the mines in the Saar Basin; acceptance of responsibility for loss and damage;
surrender of rights and titles to overseas possessions; had to pay reparations
Score of 0:
Incorrect response
Examples: Germany gained coal mines in France; Germany’s allies were given overseas colonies
Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: destruction; payment; Allied powers; loss of titles
No response
Note: For this document, some answers that can be given for 4a are also acceptable for 4b, e.g., “as payment for
losses, France received reparation payments from Germany” (4a) and, “as a consequence of the war, Germany
had to pay reparations” (4b). However, not all the answers given for 4b are acceptable for 4a, e.g., “loss of
overseas possessions” is only appropriate as an answer for 4b.
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Document 5
. . . State frontiers are established by human beings and may be changed by human beings.
The fact that a nation has acquired an enormous territorial area is no reason why it should hold
that territory perpetually [forever]. At most, the possession of such territory is a proof of the
strength of the conqueror and the weakness of those who submit to him. And in this strength
alone lives the right of possession. If the German people are imprisoned within an impossible
territorial area and for that reason are face to face with a miserable future, this is not by the
command of Destiny, and the refusal to accept such a situation is by no means a violation of
Destiny’s laws. For just as no Higher Power has promised more territory to other nations than to
the German, so it cannot be blamed for an unjust distribution of the soil. The soil on which we
now live was not a gift bestowed by Heaven on our forefathers. But they had to conquer it by
risking their lives. So also in the future our people will not obtain territory, and therewith the
means of existence, as a favour from any other people, but will have to win it by the power of a
triumphant sword. . . .
Source: Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, Hurst and Blackett Ltd.
5 According to this document, what was one reason Adolf Hitler felt war was necessary?
Score of 1:
Identifies a reason Adolf Hitler thought war was necessary
Examples: to get territory; territory cannot be won by a favor from other people; strength gives the right
to possess territory; people cannot win territory without war; forefathers had to conquer land
by risking their lives; state frontiers are established by human beings and may be changed by
human beings; German people are imprisoned with an impossible territorial area; lebensraum
(expansion into new territory); forced to expand into new territories to secure resources
needed for survival
Note: Although the idea of lebensraum is not mentioned by name in the document, it is inferred.
Score of 0:
Incorrect response
Examples: people will not obtain territory in the future; it is a violation of Destiny’s laws
Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: right of possession; soil is a gift
No response
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Document 6
The Yalta Conference of the heads of the governments of the United States of America, the United
Kingdom, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union) which took place February 4 –11,
1945 came to these conclusions.
DECLARATION ON LIBERATED EUROPE
. . . The establishment of order in Europe and the re-building of national economic life must be
achieved by processes which will enable the liberated peoples to destroy the last vestiges [remains]
of Nazism and Fascism and to create democratic institutions of their own choice. This is a principle
of the Atlantic Charter — the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which
they will live — the restoration of sovereign rights and self-government to those peoples who have
been forcibly deprived of them by the aggressor nations. . . .
POLAND
. . . A new situation has been created in Poland as a result of her complete liberation by the Red
Army. This calls for the establishment of a Polish Provisional Government which can be more
broadly based than was possible before the recent liberation of the Western part of Poland. The
Provisional Government which is now functioning in Poland should therefore be reorganised on
a broader democratic basis with the inclusion of democratic leaders from Poland itself and from
Poles abroad. This new Government should then be called the Polish Provisional Government
of National Unity. . . .
Source: Protocol of the Proceedings of the Crimea (Yalta) Conference, February, 1945 (adapted)
6 According to the Yalta Conference, state two ways Europe was expected to change as a result of
World War II.
Score of 2 or 1:
Award 1 credit (up to a maximum of 2 credits) for each way Europe was expected to change as a result of
World War II
Examples: put new democratic governments in place; get rid of Nazism and/or Fascism; establishment
of a more democratic Provisional Government in Poland; establish order in Europe; national
economic life will be rebuilt; democratic institutions of the people’s choice will be created;
Europe will be liberated; people can choose the form of government under which they will
live
Score of 0:
Incorrect response
Examples: liberation of Poland by the Red Army; Soviet Union keeps Poland; Atlantic Charter was
signed at Yalta; become aggressor nations; declaration
Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: provisional government; things got better; new situation in Poland
No response
[62]
Document 7
. . . Our objectives in the Persian Gulf are clear, our goals defined and familiar:
• Iraq must withdraw from Kuwait completely, immediately and without condition.
• Kuwait’s legitimate government must be restored.
• The security and stability of the Persian Gulf must be assured.
• American citizens abroad must be protected.
These goals are not ours alone. They have been endorsed [supported] by the U.N. Security
Council five times in as many weeks. Most countries share our concern for principle. And many
have a stake in the stability of the Persian Gulf. This is not, as Saddam Hussein would have it,
the United States against Iraq. It is Iraq against the world. . . .
Source: Speech by President George H. W. Bush, 1990
Document 7
7 According to this document, what were two reasons President George H. W. Bush was concerned
about the Persian Gulf region in 1990?
Score of 2 or 1:
Award 1 credit (up to a maximum of 2 credits) for each reason President George H. W. Bush was concerned
about the Persian Gulf region in 1990
Examples: Iraq has invaded Kuwait; Iraq’s takeover of Kuwait is not acceptable; Kuwait’s government
has been taken over (is no longer legitimate); the security and stability of the Persian Gulf
has been compromised (undermined); Iraq has damaged the security and stability of the
Persian Gulf area; protecting the safety of Americans abroad
Score of 0:
Incorrect response
Examples: Security Council supported Iraq; Kuwait was part of Iraq
Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: clear objectives; no more war; United Nations; the world is against us; it was a dangerous
place
No response
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Document 8
Throughout the 1990s and before the United States went to war with Iraq in 2003, some people were
concerned about the continuing actions of Iraq and Saddam Hussein.
8 Based on this 1998 cartoon, what was one unexpected outcome of the Persian Gulf War?
Score of 1:
Identifies an unexpected outcome of the Persian Gulf War as shown in this 1998 cartoon
Examples: Saddam tested us again; Saddam threatened to build chemical and biological weapons labs;
Saddam continued to be a threat; Iraq continued to be a problem; Iraq is building up arms
Score of 0:
Incorrect response
Examples: America is becoming industrialized; America is confident in winning the war; success of the
war means they can open a lab for weapons; attacks in the United States on September 11,
2001; the United States invaded Iraq in 2003; weapons labs in the United States; Saddam in
the White House
Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: things are being built; Saddam Hussein is doing something to the White House; weapons are
everywhere
No response
Global History and Geography
Content-Specific Rubric for Document-Based Question
June 2005
Historical Context: Throughout history, many different reasons for wars exist. These wars have led to both expected
and unexpected outcomes.
Task: • Discuss the economic, social, and/or political reasons for wars
• Discuss the expected outcomes and the unexpected outcomes of wars
Scoring Notes:
1. The response should discuss at least two reasons for wars. The reasons may be both economic, both
social, or both political, or they may be a combination of any two of these categories. The response does
not need to state the category of the reason. The classification of reasons as economic, social, or political
will depend on how the information is applied in the discussion.
2. The response should discuss at least two expected and two unexpected outcomes of wars. The
terminology for the outcomes may differ from that used in the Charts provided in this guide.
3. The discussion of both the reasons for wars and the expected and unexpected outcomes of wars may
relate to wars collectively or may refer to specific wars.
4. Expected outcomes of wars may include outcomes that were expected but did not occur as well as those
that did occur.
5. Outcomes of wars may be expected for one group, while the same outcomes may be unexpected
outcomes for a second group.
6. Other wars such as the Vietnam War and the Korean War may be used to support the discussion of
reasons and outcomes.
7. Relevant outside information could include reasons and outcomes that might not be part of a formal war,
e.g., the reasons and outcomes of the conflicts in Kosovo and Rwanda might include the topics of ethnic
cleansing and/or refugees.
8. A discussion of United States history as it relates to documents 7 and 8 is permitted in this essay.
This document-based question has six components of the task (2 reasons for wars, 2 expected outcomes, and
2 unexpected outcomes).
Score of 5:
Thoroughly develops all aspects of the task evenly and in depth by discussing at least two economic, social,
and/or political reasons for wars and discussing at least two expected and two unexpected outcomes of wars
Is more analytical than descriptive (analyzes, evaluates, and/or creates information), such as introducing the
different aspects of the task with general categorization and then discussing several examples from different
wars to illustrate each aspect, e.g., the Crusades, World War I, World War II, and the Persian Gulf War were
driven by the desire to acquire more territory or wars are expected to solve the problems that led to the war,
for example, the purpose of the Treaty of Versailles was to stop German aggression, but in fact, it led to
increased German militarism
Incorporates relevant information from at least five documents (see Key Ideas Chart)
Incorporates substantial relevant outside information related to the reasons and the expected and unexpected
outcomes of wars (see Outside Information Chart)
Richly supports the theme with many relevant facts, examples, and details, e.g., Treaty of Versailles;
reparations; German militarism; Hitler; Nazi party; economic competition; acquisition of Kuwaiti oil
reserves
Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion that are
beyond a restatement of the theme
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Score of 4:
Develops all aspects of the task by discussing at least two economic, social, and/or political reasons for
wars and by discussing at least two expected and two unexpected outcomes of wars but may do so
somewhat unevenly by discussing one aspect of the task more thoroughly than another
Is both descriptive and analytical (applies, analyzes, evaluates, and/or creates information) such as
introducing the different aspects of the task with general categorization and then discussing a specific war to
illustrate each aspect of the task, e.g., religion joins or separates groups of people and the goal of the
Crusades was for the Chistians to control the Holy Land or the expected outcome of the Treaty of Versailles
was that Germany would be punished
Incorporates relevant information from at least five documents
Incorporates relevant outside information
Supports the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details
Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion that are
beyond a restatement of the theme
Score of 3:
Develops all aspects of the task with little depth or develops at least four aspects of the task in some depth
Is more descriptive than analytical (applies, may analyze, and/or evaluate information)
Incorporates some relevant information from some of the documents
Incorporates limited relevant outside information
Includes some relevant facts, examples, and details; may include some minor inaccuracies
Demonstrates a satisfactory plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion that may be a
restatement of the theme
Note: If at least three aspects of the task have been thoroughly developed evenly and in depth, and the response meets most of the
other Level 5 criteria, the overall response may be a Level 3 paper.
Score of 2:
Minimally develops all aspects of the task or develops at least three aspects of the task in some depth
Is primarily descriptive; may include faulty, weak, or isolated application or analysis
Incorporates limited relevant information from the documents or consists primarily of relevant information
copied from the documents
Presents little or no relevant outside information
Includes few relevant facts, examples, and details; may include some inaccuracies
Demonstrates a general plan of organization; may lack focus; may contain digressions; may not clearly
identify which aspect of the task is being addressed; may lack an introduction and/or a conclusion
Score of 1:
Minimally develops some aspects of the task
Is descriptive; may lack understanding, application, or analysis
Makes vague, unclear references to the documents or consists primarily of relevant and irrelevant
information copied from the documents
Presents no relevant outside information
Includes few relevant facts, examples, or details; may include inaccuracies
May demonstrate a weakness in organization; may lack focus; may contain digressions; may not clearly
identify which aspect of the task is being addressed; may lack an introduction and/or a conclusion
Score of 0:
Fails to develop the task or may only refer to the theme in a general way; OR includes no relevant facts,
examples, or details; OR includes only the historical context and/or task as copied from the test booklet; OR
includes only entire documents copied from the test booklet; OR is illegible; OR is a blank paper
Key Ideas from the Documents
Reasons for War
Economic
Social
Political
Crusades
gaining land,
circumventing
primogeniture (Doc 1)
Church encouragement,
spiritual benefits,
adventure (Doc 1)
World War I
economic competition,
imperialism (Doc 3)
spirit of nationalism
(Doc 3)
arms race, international disquiet, no
international peace organization,
alliances, imperialism (Doc 3)
World War II
obtaining a means of
existence (Doc 5)
spirit of nationalism
(Doc 5)
Germany’s survival, obtaining land,
increasing territory, refusal to accept
territorial limitations (Doc 5)
Persian Gulf War stability in the Persian
Gulf (Doc 7)
withdrawal of Iraq from Kuwait,
protection of American citizens,
restoring Kuwait’s government,
security of Persian Gulf (Doc 7)
Expected Outcomes of War
Gains for Winners
Treatment of Losers
Power and Influence
Crusades
control of Jerusalem by
Muslims (Doc 2)
World War I
awarding of coal mines
in Saar Basin to France
(Doc 4)
German acceptance of
responsibility for war
damages (Doc 4)
World War II
replacement of Nazism and fascism
with democratic institutions,
establishment of the right of self-
government, reorganization of
Poland (Doc 6)
Persian Gulf War restoration of Kuwait’s
legitimate government
(Doc 7)
Unexpected Outcomes of War
Changes in Society
Land and Resources
Power and Influence
Crusades
expanded geographic
knowledge, new
products, techniques of
construction (Doc 2)
Muslim control of
Jerusalem (Doc 2)
military failure for the West (Doc 2)
World War I
loss of Germany’s
overseas possessions,
loss of land to France
(Doc 4)
surrender of Germany’s overseas
possessions to Allies (Doc 4)
World War II
liberation of Poland by
Red Army (Doc 6)
destruction of Nazism and fascism
(Doc 6)
Persian Gulf War
continued threat of chemical and
biological weapons and of Saddam
Hussein (Doc 8)
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Relevant Outside Information
Reasons for War
Economic
Social
Political
Crusades
desire of serfs to break
away from manorialism
keeping holy lands
available to Christians,
earning forgiveness for
sins
maintaining power and authority of
Byzantine Empire, maintaining
prestige and leadership of Church,
stopping Muslim expansion
World War I
details about economic
competition, details
about imperialism
pan-Slavism, idea of
subject nationalities,
jingoism
maintaining balance of power,
details about arms race, details about
alliances, details about imperialism
World War II
Italy’s desire for
empire, Japan’s need
for natural resources,
worldwide economic
depression, lebensraum
frustrated nationalism
of Italians, Germans,
and Japanese because
of World War I
revenge for losses in World War I,
threat of fascist doctrine, fascist
aggressions, appeasement
Persian Gulf War maintaining availability
of oil to the world
maintenance of
Kuwaiti autonomy
balance of power in the Middle East,
Iraqi aggression
Expected Outcomes of War
Gains for Winners
Treatment of Losers
Power and Influence
Crusades
dominence of Muslim
culture in the Middle
East
loss of European
influence in the Middle
East
expansion of Muslim power and
control in the Middle East and
beyond
World War I
return of Alsace and
Lorraine to France,
continued naval
supremacy of Britain,
restrictions on German
military
break-up of Austria-
Hungary, awarding of
German land to
Czechoslovakia and
Poland
creation of League of Nations,
emergence of Britain and France as
primary leaders
World War II
emergence of the
United States and the
Soviet Union as
superpowers, victory of
Allies over Japan,
creation of United
Nations by Allies
war crimes trials in
Germany and Japan,
occupation and
reconstruction of
Germany and Japan
creation of the United Nations,
decline of totalitarian states in
Western Europe
Persian Gulf War assuring independence
for Kuwait, assuring
global access to oil
failure of Iraq to keep
control of Kuwait
isolation of Saddam Hussein,
cementing of alliances in the Middle
East; coalition forces working
together
[67]
[68]
Unexpected Outcomes of War
Changes in Society
Land and Resources
Power and Influence
Crusades
growth of trade, growth of
European middle class,
beginning of the decline of
feudalism, decline in the
power of the Christian
Church in Europe, aware-
ness of sophistication and
complexity of Muslim
culture, incentive for
voyages of exploration and
the Renaissance
European loss of
access to trade routes
decline of feudalism, decline in
power of Catholic Church
World War I
emergence of fascism and
Nazism, acceleration of
independence movements
in colonial areas, Russian
revolutions
concession of former
German land to
Czechoslovakia and
Poland, effect of the
amount of reparation
payments on
Germany
overthrow of governments in
Germany and Russia, mandates,
creation of new independent states
(Yugoslavia), disintegration of
major empires (Austro-Hungarian,
Ottoman, and Russian), emergence
of United States as a world power
World War II
emergence of Cold War,
democratic government for
Japan, division of Europe,
migration of many
remaining European Jews
to Palestine, acceleration of
independence movements
in colonial areas
control of Eastern
Europe by Soviet
Union, division of
Germany
decline in German and Japanese
military power, abolition of
League of Nations, creation of
satellite states in Eastern Europe
Persian Gulf War persecution of Kurds and
Shiites
implementation of no
fly zones, weapons
inspections (United
Nations mandates),
economic sanctions
against Iraq
United Nations protection of
ethnic groups (Kurds),
establishment of no fly zones
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 5 – A
[69]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 5 – A
[70]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 5 – A
[71]
[72]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 5 – A
[73]
Anchor Level 5-A
The response:
Thoroughly develops all aspects of the task evenly and in depth by discussing the economic, social,
and political reasons for wars and discussing expected and unexpected outcomes of wars
Is more analytical than descriptive (a society’s economy holds it together and can either make it or
break it; fierce economic competition between nations is often the cause of war; Germany needed
to expand and improve its economy to survive; Treaty of Versailles forced Hitler into aggressive
actions to restore German pride and status; religion either joins or separates people; Crusades
fueled by religious fervor; Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait threatened stability of oil supply; nationalism
can either unite or separate religions; tangled national loyalties can lead to war; politics of a society
often influence every aspect of daily life; when a foreign nation takes over a government, the nation
often tries to resist and insists on restoration of original government; distrust can lead to war;
political stability necessary to maintain peace; expected that any war will lead to death and
destruction; most people believe war will bring a solution to whatever caused the war; unexpected
outcomes often a surprise and can be positive or negative; funding for war and large-scale
destruction may severely cripple economy; resources may be depleted if nations forced to give land
or money to another nation)
Incorporates relevant information from documents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7
Incorporates substantial relevant outside information (Nazi party actions; preservation of Middle
Eastern and United States oil economy was an important factor in Persian Gulf War; Crusades of
the Middle Ages; demand for oil in industrialized world has led to dependency of oil-hungry West
on oil-rich Middle East; nationalism caused breakup of nations and resulted in formation of new
nations and alliances; lack of understanding contributes to present conflicts and divisions in Middle
East, Ireland, and India; Russians wanted to support their Slavic brothers in Serbia and Germany
wanted to support Austrians who had once been part of the same empire; Iraq claimed Kuwait
should be and had been part of Iraq until British separated them; modern-day Iraq being forced to
adopt new political system; post–World War II Eastern Europe put under rule of a foreign power;
new ideas and technology from Crusades fueled Renaissance and Age of Exploration; new trade
from Crusades brought spices to Europe)
Richly supports the theme with many relevant facts, examples, and details (economic competition,
cause of both world wars; Persian Gulf War; Hitler; Muslim inhabitants of Holy Land; Iraq’s
invasion of Kuwait; need to restore Kuwait’s original and legitimate government; Kuwait wanted to
maintain her independence; Germany had to give land and resources away in Treaty of Versailles;
Crusades opened up mysterious East to people of Europe; different forms of architecture brought to
Middle East)
Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion
that are somewhat beyond a restatement of the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 5. Although the introduction and
conclusion are repetitive restatements of the theme with a few supplemental details, the remainder of
the response demonstrates a good knowledge of reasons for and outcomes of wars. Good analytical
comments are woven throughout the narrative. Integration of information from the documents to
address different aspects of the task is one of the strengths of this response.
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 5 – B
[74]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 5 – B
[75]
[76]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 5 – B
Anchor Level 5-B
The response:
Thoroughly develops all aspects of the task evenly and in depth by discussing the economic, social,
and political reasons for wars and discussing expected and unexpected outcomes of wars
Is more analytical than descriptive (leadership of Catholic Church sent out a call to arms to liberate
the Holy Land which was answered by hordes of knights; combatants of Crusades guaranteed holy
salvation; Christians got “treats” from Crusades; Crusades helped raise standard of living in
Europe; European concepts of known world expanded; nationalism was the biggest cause of World
War I; European people wanted to go to war because of old romantic ideas of war solving all
problems; nationalism is quite a destructive force; Germany stripped of power and prestige as a
result of World War I; unexpected results of World War I were a ruined Europe, starving people,
and a breakdown of trade; German humiliation in Treaty of Versailles gave rise to Hitler; Hitler
came to power on wings of horrible German economic troubles; Hitler believed war justified by
need for land and food so master race could blossom to full extent; defending land at all costs was
the right strategy to defend nationalism; Hussein tested United States resolve to drive him out)
Incorporates relevant information from documents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8
Incorporates substantial relevant outside information (feudal Europe in 11th and 12th centuries
united only by Roman Catholic Church; Renaissance occurred because of contact with advanced
civilizations and brought Europe out of the earlier Dark Ages; Byzantine and Arab empires had
preserved classical Greek and Roman culture; German invasion of neutral Belgium brought Britain
into the war; German U-boat attacks on American shipping and secret German transmissions led
American people to clamor for war; Hitler’s speeches constantly reminded German people of
indignities suffered as a result of Versailles; Hitler preached a doctrine of power, racism, and
lebensraum or living space; Saddam Hussein lived to fight again; Hussein refused United Nations
weapons inspections which led to a second war)
Richly supports the theme with many relevant facts, examples, and details (Crusades were
religious; Crusades to liberate holy land from Muslims; desire for land a cause of Crusades;
Christians lost Crusades; new trade system brought new products into Europe; imperialistic
ambitions, old rivalries, economic competition, and entangling alliances all causes of World War I;
Germany lost overseas possessions as result of World War I; Germany had to pay reparations after
World War I; liberation of Kuwait by coalition; President George Bush, Sr., felt war justified to
protect United States citizens, protect oil interests of United States allies, and to liberate a country
that was attacked; war over quickly; Iraq defeated and forced out of Kuwait; Saddam Hussein
stayed in power; Hussein developed chemical and biological weapons)
Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion
that are beyond a restatement of the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 5. Although the wars are discussed as
separate entities, excellent analysis and evaluation and good parallels, such as the use of nationalism as
a thread to tie the different wars together, demonstrate a strong understanding of reasons for wars and
their outcomes. The sophisticated use of document information and the integration of supporting
historical details and outside information contribute to the overall effectiveness of the response.
[77]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 4 – A
[78]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 4 – A
[79]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 4 – A
[80]
Anchor Level 4-A
The response:
Develops all aspects of the task by discussing the economic, social, and political reasons for wars
and discussing expected and unexpected outcomes of wars
Is both descriptive and analytical (many soldiers wanted to join the “Holy War” in order to win
back Jerusalem; many hoped to obtain land and other wealth; as more crusades were launched,
people’s motives became more greedy; Hitler felt war was necessary to return Germany to a world
power; Europeans gained new foods, ideas, and other items they did not expect; Europeans did not
gain permanent control of Jerusalem; American citizens still not completely safe in the Middle East
because many people hold resentment against them; after the war was over, Hussein did not lose
power)
Incorporates relevant information from documents 1, 2, 5, 7, and 8
Incorporates relevant outside information (Pope Urban II delivered a speech that inspired many
soldiers to join and fight the Muslims; desire to leave the feudal manor; Hitler blamed the Jews for
Germany’s problems; economy of England and France improved as well as that of the Italian
provinces; during the first Crusade, Christians gained control of Jerusalem; cultural diffusion
between Europeans and Muslims; Kuwait did restore its government after Iraq left; in Operation
Iraqi Freedom, the United States fought along with Great Britain to defeat Iraq again; Iraq being
rebuilt and a new system of representative government is being planned for its people)
Supports the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details (Crusades to win back Jerusalem;
Hitler wanted to expand German power; people joined the Nazis; European trade with the Muslims;
Muslims later regained control of the Holy Land; Muslims included European aspects of castles in
their later architecture; Bush’s goals in the Persian Gulf War; Hussein continued to make chemical
and biological weapons)
Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction that restates the
theme citing specific wars to be discussed and a conclusion stating that countries may enter wars
for justified reasons, but sometimes they are based on selfish reasons
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 4. The response uses the Crusades and
World War II to discuss reasons for wars, then uses the Crusades and both Persian Gulf Wars to discuss
outcomes of wars. Document information and relevant outside information are effectively combined.
The inclusion of more recent developments in the Persian Gulf region is effective in the evaluation of
outcomes. However, the response lacks the details needed for a thorough development of the task.
[81]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 4 – B
[82]
[83]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 4 – B
Anchor Level 4-B
The response:
Develops all aspects of the task by discussing the economic, social, and political reasons for wars
and discussing expected and unexpected outcomes of wars but does so unevenly by discussing the
reasons for wars more thoroughly than the outcomes of wars
Is both descriptive and analytical (acquired territory from wars might be used to build up industry
thus improving the economy; wars might be fought to disrupt or destroy a competitor’s economy,
using the victory to reap the benefits of a larger trading relationship; a nation’s economy is its
lifeline; political allies must be upheld if a country needs help in return; politics are a tricky
business and can get quite aggressive in extreme situations and lead to war; Crusades fought to
defend beliefs; losers have to forfeit some forms of income and industry to victorious nations; new
customs develop by blending of cultures; Saddam Hussein hoped to control Kuwait and use their
resources to profit his nation)
Incorporates relevant information from documents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7
Incorporates relevant outside information (when Austria’s Archduke Ferdinand was killed
Germany supported Austria; Iraq’s claim to independent Kuwait led to American and Saudi
Arabian cooperation in the Gulf War; discrimination led to trying to wipe out another group of
humans as in Rwanda between the Hutus and Tutsis and in Pol Pot’s “killing fields” in Cambodia)
Supports the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details (Hitler and World War II; Iraq’s
occupation of Kuwait in 1990; Germany’s need for the coal mines in the Saar Basin; both Iraq and
Kuwait wanted control of Kuwait; the United States wanted to protect the independence of Kuwait;
Crusaders and Muslims fought to control the Holy Lands; Germany had to forfeit coal mines in the
Saar Basin to France and make reparation payments after World War I)
Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction that states war is
never predictable and a conclusion that states that all participants lose in a sense because of the loss
of life and destruction that wars bring
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 4. The response contains some good
analytical statements and connects relevant outside information to the contents of the documents. Solid
conclusions strengthen the response and indicate a good understanding of the theme. However, more
attention should have been given to specific outcomes of the wars discussed.
[84]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 4 – C
[85]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 4 – C
[86]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 4 – C
[87]
Anchor Level 4-C
The response:
Develops all aspects of the task by discussing the economic, social, and political reasons for wars
and discussing expected and unexpected outcomes of wars
Is both descriptive and analytical (unpredictable results of wars can occur without anyone ever
suspecting their arrival; religiously important lands of the Middle East; one of reasons for Crusades
was the economic situation of feudal Europe; Crusades provided people with reason to finally get
off the manor and see the world; money to be made by trading goods from the Middle East that
people in Europe have never seen; chivalrous knights could gain control of the land they
conquered; sons, who might never own land, could now get some; many changes in European
society; awareness of new cultures; World War II, largest war in history; German economy failing
because of enforcement of Treaty of Versailles; Hitler’s goal in World War II was to have complete
control over European empire; selfish goals made Germany pay in the end)
Incorporates relevant information from documents 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8
Incorporates relevant outside information (lands of the Crusades now being fought over by the
Israelis and Palestinians; most people lived on a manor and worked for their lord; manor self-
sufficient area where few people left the boundaries because there was no reason; Crusades sparked
the Renaissance in Europe, a cultural revolution of enormous proportions; Hitler ignored the
Munich agreement and nobody stopped him; Nazis needed scapegoat for economic disaster so they
blamed it on Jews and other minorities; another war was fought to stop Hussein’s power yet he
continues to live and could continue to be a threat if democracy in Iraq fails)
Supports the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details (Crusades, a series of holy wars,
waged by Europeans against Middle Eastern inhabitants; European attackers did not gain control of
the Holy Lands when they had expected to; Hitler was the major factor in reason for World War II;
World War II necessary because of German lack of land; people of Europe and the world able to
defeat Nazism in Germany; right to choose kind of government that would rule over them; Persian
Gulf War waged by the United States and Iraq over Iraqi invasion of neighbor Kuwait; United
States objective was to restore Kuwait to its pre-war state and eliminate threat of dictator Saddam
Hussein; United States unable to terminate Hussein’s threat to his neighbors and the whole world)
Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion
that are somewhat beyond a restatement of the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 4. Analytical and evaluative comments and
good relevant outside information are incorporated into the narrative to address all parts of the task.
Some outcomes of wars are not explicitly identified as expected or unexpected, but the arguments are
presented convincingly and the analysis is implied.
[88]
[89]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 3 – A
[90]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 3 – A
[91]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 3 – A
Anchor Level 3-A
The response:
• Develops all aspects of the task with little depth by discussing the economic and social reasons for
wars and discussing expected and unexpected outcomes of wars
• Is both descriptive and analytical (wars started for various reasons since the dawn of man; religion
and balance of power are two of the biggest catalysts for conflict; knights fought in the Crusades
because they were eager to prove their worth to God and free the region from the Muslims; knights
headed east to fight under the Cross and seek adventure; Muslims successfully defended the area;
wars never completely predictable and chances are that they will stay that way until computers
calculate the odds of victory before the attack)
• Incorporates some relevant information from documents 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7
• Incorporates some relevant outside information (balance of power; Christian pride so strong, even
children left their homes to join the knights; Crusaders looted Byzantine homes in Constantinople,
who were also Christian; western Europe began importing foods from Ottoman Empire after the
Crusades; kings began to gain more power after Crusades, leading to decline and end of feudal
system; killing off Jewish population with Holocaust; Germany divided into East and West
Germany; Germany controlled by United States, England, France, and Soviet Union after the war;
another Persian Gulf War with Hussein; Saddam supporters are still alive and giving orders)
• Includes some relevant facts, examples, and details (Crusaders wanted to free region from Muslims;
Muslims adopted European architectural styles; Adolf Hitler and World War II; Hitler’s desire for
land; Atlantic Charter; Saddam Hussein and Persian Gulf War); includes minor inaccuracies
(Germany’s 2,000 year history; Ottoman Empire instead of Constantinople)
• Demonstrates a satisfactory plan of organization; includes an introduction that mentions two
reasons for wars and a conclusion that is somewhat beyond a restatement of the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 3. Document analysis is somewhat limited
and the discussion of the outcomes of war does not clearly indicate an understanding of the differences
between the expected and unexpected outcomes of war. The strength of the response is in the
application of relevant outside information.
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 3 – B
[92]
[93]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 3 – B
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 3 – B
Anchor Level 3-B
The response:
Develops most aspects of the task in some depth by discussing the economic, social, and political
reasons for wars and discussing the unexpected outcomes of wars
Is more descriptive than analytical (European knights and soldiers promised they would achieve a
higher level on a spiritual scale if they participated in the Crusades; no international peace
organization to step in and mediate between the countries; Germany’s great sense of nationalism
led to racism and discrimination against other countries; all nations fighting for a common goal;
United States will live in constant fear because Hussein might have possession of biological and
chemical weapons)
Incorporates some relevant information from documents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8
Incorporates limited relevant outside information (United Nations; war would improve Germany’s
economic future; lebensraum; living space)
Includes some relevant facts, examples, and details (Crusaders promised land that they conquered;
greatly expanded knowledge of geography for the West; Christian kingdom of Jerusalem obtained
by Moslems;); includes some inaccurate statements (outcome of the Crusades was that Western
civilization received invaders from all parts of Europe; Germany had to take responsibility for
World War II as well as pay reparations)
Demonstrates a satisfactory plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion that are
a restatement of the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 3. The explanation of the information from
the documents is good and some outside information is included. In this response, the use of several
wars to support a point leads to disconnected discussions.
[94]
[95]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 3 – C
[96]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 3 – C
[97]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 3 – C
[98]
Anchor Level 3-C
The response:
Develops most aspects of the task in some depth by discussing the economic, social, and political
reasons for wars and discussing an expected and an unexpected outcome of wars
Is more descriptive than analytical (some countries fight to enrich the economy by getting more
land and resources; many times, one country will try to stop another country from giving itself
more power and territory; if a country loses a war, they expect to pay reparations)
Incorporates some relevant information from documents 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7
Incorporates limited relevant outside information (nationalism is when a surge of pride for one’s
country goes through the population; cultural diffusion took place between Crusaders of Europe
and Moslems of the Middle East)
Includes some relevant facts, examples, and details (Hitler’s Mein Kampf; United States tried to
stop Iraq from spreading into Kuwait; Crusaders brought back stained glass and knowledge of
geography from the Middle East)
Demonstrates a satisfactory plan of organization; includes an introduction that restates the theme
but also includes the information that war has taken place from the ancient civilization of Egypt to
the modern countries of the West; lacks a conclusion
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 3. Repetition of information and lack of
explanation weakens the response. Although the discussion is brief, the response cites one specific fact
from a different war to support each reason for war and each outcome of war that is mentioned.
[99]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 2 – A
[100]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 2 – A
[101]
Anchor Level 2-A
The response:
Minimally develops all aspects of the task by discussing the economic, social, and political reasons
for wars and mentioning expected and unexpected outcomes of wars
Is primarily descriptive; includes some application and analysis (some countries’ need for
dominance can lead to war; reason for Crusades to obtain land as a reward; war of Jerusalem
greatly expanded knowledge of geography; conflicting beliefs can lead to tension, possibly causing
war; militaries can increase suspicion of an attack; imperialism and alliances are choices that a
government makes that can produce negative outcomes; German actions in World War I
responsible for outcomes; if a country has a poor economy but a strong military, they may attempt
to attack those who have better economies; rebuilding of Europe’s economic life negative for those
who have to help rebuild it; suffering economy could lead a country to take desperate measures,
such as war)
Incorporates limited relevant information from documents 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Presents no relevant outside information
Includes few relevant facts, examples, and details (Crusades are a holy war; fight for Christianity;
Christian kingdom of Jerusalem; imperialism and alliances are causes of World War I); includes an
inaccuracy (Western world returned the Christian kingdom of Jerusalem to the Moslems)
Demonstrates a general plan of organization; contains digressions; includes an introduction and a
conclusion that are somewhat beyond a restatement of the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 2. Although all aspects of the task are
addressed, the lack of continuity weakens the response. The section addressing the effect of a country’s
economic reasons for war lacks specific details and references. The response also demonstrates a lack
of understanding about the difference between expected and unexpected outcomes of war.
[102]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 2 – B
[103]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 2 – B
[104]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 2 – B
Anchor Level 2-B
The response:
Minimally develops all aspects of the task by discussing the economic, social, and political reasons
for wars and discussing expected and unexpected outcomes of wars
Is primarily descriptive; includes weak and isolated application and analysis (leaders of countries
might not get along and disagree on topics; having one country try to be better than all the rest
could easily turn into war; some people might feel they are better than others; people might fight
for the glory of winning; one side would walk away happy and pleased, while others would be sad
and disappointed; Westerners and Muslims learned about each other’s customs; land remained in
Muslim hands, but both walked away with greater knowledge)
Incorporates limited relevant information from documents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6
Presents little relevant outside information (problems such as low agricultural rates, bad economy,
high unemployment, one group of people doing all of the work; might be disputes within class
systems)
Includes few relevant facts, examples, and details (Adolf Hitler felt Germany should go to war;
World War I caused by imperialism, nationalism, alliances, and disquiet among countries; Crusades
was a holy war over who would own certain areas of land; knights and soldiers encouraged to join
Crusades for possibility of keeping land; loss of life and injury after World War I; Germany forced
to compensate France for all she lost); includes some inaccuracies (World War II ended with an end
to communism in Europe; Europe had to destroy all the communism that remained and choose new
forms of government)
Demonstrates a general plan of organization; lacks focus; contains digressions; includes an
introduction that restates the theme and a conclusion that expresses the opinion that no matter what
the cause, war is not the answer
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 2. Some good generalizations are made,
but in many cases, the facts used to support them are not related and this leads to confusion. Outcomes
are stated but not identified as expected or unexpected.
[105]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 2 – C
[106]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 2 – C
Anchor Level 2-C
The response:
Minimally develops all aspects of the task by discussing the economic, social, and political reasons
for wars and discussing expected and unexpected outcomes of wars
Is primarily descriptive; includes faulty, weak and isolated application and analysis (without
someone there to make peace, the fighting would just continue; Germany took full responsibility
for her actions; outcome was a loss of troops in many cases and a substantial amount of damage)
Incorporates limited relevant information from documents 3 and 4
Presents little relevant outside information (some countries developing and industrializing faster
than others; nationalism is feeling a strong pride for their country; unexpected outcome would be a
country falling into a depression or a recession)
Includes few relevant facts, examples, and details (economic competition; entangling alliances;
nationalism; no peace organization; compensation given to France for its losses)
Demonstrates a general plan of organization; lacks focus; contains digressions; includes an
introduction that restates the theme and a conclusion that summarizes general outcomes of wars
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 2. Most of the response depends on brief
explanations of the reasons for World War I that are stated in document 3. It then mentions two
outcomes of the war from document 4. Some of the limited outside information presented is not
connected to the task.
[107]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 1 – A
[108]
Anchor Level 1-A
The response:
Minimally develops some aspects of the task by mentioning expected and unexpected outcomes of
wars
Is descriptive; lacks understanding, application, and analysis (most outcomes of war expected; in
the Yalta Conference, Europe was expected to form a democracy and get rid of fascism and
Nazism; poor economy expected in most wars; expected that Kuwait’s legitimate government
would be returned; repercussions of World War I felt when Germans started World War II)
Makes vague, unclear references to documents 2, 5, 6, and 7
Presents no relevant outside information
Includes few relevant facts, examples, and details (Yalta Conference of 1945; democracy; fascism;
Nazism)
Demonstrates a general plan of organization; lacks focus; contains digressions; includes an
introduction and a conclusion that restate the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 1. Expected and unexpected outcomes of
wars are stated, but they are not explained. References to the documents are vague. Some relevant
statements are made, but the lack of connections leaves them as isolated facts. In addition, the use of
document 8 is a misinterpretation of the intent of this cartoon.
[109]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 1 – A
[110]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 1 – B
[111]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 1 – B
Anchor Level 1-B
The response:
Minimally develops some aspects of the task by mentioning economic, social, and political reasons
for wars
Is descriptive; lacks understanding, application, and analysis (tension built up between nations)
Makes vague references to documents 3 and 5
Presents little relevant outside information (Hitler used impoverished economy and nationalism to
get Germans to follow him)
Includes few relevant facts, examples, and details (causes of World I included alliances and
competition; militarism and arms race began); contains inaccuracies (German people needed to
defend their territory; Holocaust gave a reason for other nations to interfere)
Demonstrates a weakness in organization; lacks focus; contains digressions; includes an
introduction that refers to reasons for wars and lacks a conclusion
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 1. Although outside information is
mentioned, no connection is made to the task and document information. Attempts to generalize
document information are misleading and confusing.
[112]
Anchor Paper – Document–Based Essay—Level 0
Anchor Level 0
The response:
Fails to develop the task; only refers to the theme in a general way; includes no relevant facts,
examples, and details
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 0. The introduction restates the historical
context. General statements are used to give reasons for war. The second aspect of the task is a
rewording of the theme. The conclusion states an opinion about war. No substantial statements are
made to develop the task.
Document–Based Essay—Practice Paper – A
[113]
Document–Based Essay—Practice Paper – A
[114]
Document–Based Essay—Practice Paper – A
[115]
Document–Based Essay—Practice Paper – B
[116]
Document–Based Essay—Practice Paper – B
[117]
Document–Based Essay—Practice Paper – B
[118]
Document–Based Essay—Practice Paper – C
[119]
Document–Based Essay—Practice Paper – D
[120]
Document–Based Essay—Practice Paper – D
[121]
Document–Based Essay—Practice Paper – E
[122]
Document–Based Essay—Practice Paper – E
[123]
[124]
Practice Paper A—Score Level 4
The response:
Develops all aspects of the task by discussing the economic, social, and political reasons for wars
and discussing expected and unexpected outcomes of wars but does so unevenly by discussing
reasons for wars more thoroughly than outcomes of wars
Is more descriptive than analytical (unexpected results of Crusades helped Muslims when they
fortified their cities; tension growing as nations mobilized armies for war; France became fearful of
German buildup of its military; alliances help protect borders such as the one France shared with
Germany; Germany felt alliances were a way to surround Germany and grew suspicious; Germany
was forbidden to build up military which Hitler ignored and this led to World War II; Hitler states
that any country who does not protect its soil deserves to lose it)
Incorporates relevant information from documents1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6
Incorporates substantial relevant outside information (Muslims felt Crusaders were infidels; West
eventually expanded across the Atlantic as a result of increased geographical knowledge and
created new empires; Arabs later able to strengthen the Ottoman Empire with their new military
knowledge; in World War I, Triple Entente were Britain, France, and Russia; Triple Alliance were
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy; Germany crossed the Maginot Line; war ultimately came
after the killing of Austria’s Archduke Ferdinand; Hitler invaded Poland to expand Germany’s
living space; Germany divided into four zones; Russia gained political control over almost all of
Eastern Europe; Cold War eventually ended in the 1990s)
Supports the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details (religion, a reason for war against the
Muslims in the Crusades; European knights and soldiers traveled to the Holy Land to fight the
Muslims for the Christian kingdom of Jerusalem; Christians fighting for the Cross; West gained
much geographical knowledge and many new goods such as stained glass from Crusades; Arab
Muslims gained knowledge of military masonry from Westerners; militarism and alliances led to
war; alliances were a major cause of war; in Treaty of Versailles, Germany to pay reparations for
damages caused and take full responsibility for the war; reason for war was to gain land;
democratic governments to be established in liberated countries after World War II; Yalta
Conference; plan to destroy Nazi and fascist governments)
Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction that states war is
very destructive and often results in much loss of life and a conclusion that uses Germany as an
example to demonstrate how war brings devastation and destruction
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 4. A discussion of Germany’s role in
World War I and World War II is used as the focus of the response and is strongly supported by the
integration of outside information in the narrative. The treatment of outcomes is also uneven as the
expected outcomes are implied in the discussion of the unexpected outcomes.
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Practice Paper B—Score Level 5
The response:
Thoroughly develops all aspects of the task evenly and in depth by discussing the economic and
political reasons for wars and discussing expected and unexpected outcomes of wars
Is more analytical than descriptive (war is an undesirable and avoidable solution to an ongoing
problem; majority of the time, war is considered as last resort; economic problems often lead to
war; economic depression gives aggressive governments the chance to form; governments try to
better their country by overpowering other countries; nations often went to war solely because their
allies went to war; because there were entangling alliances in Europe at the time, what might have
been a war between two countries ended up being a world war; alliances meant as a means of
protection for members but often lead to wars involving many countries; wars often led to changes
in the world; although wars are expected to change the world, some changes are often very
unexpected; Crusades changed western civilization)
Incorporates relevant information from documents 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6
Incorporates substantial relevant outside information (Nazi Germany wanted to open its market for
industry and provide more space to do it in; lebensraum; Mussolini’s alliance with Hitler; when
France declared war on Germany during World War I, Great Britain soon declared war because
neutral Belgium was invaded; Crusades brought improvements in geographic knowledge, which led
to the Age of Exploration, new trade routes, and colonies in the Western Hemisphere; new weapons
such as tanks, machine guns, and poison gas used in World War I; atomic bomb is the first use of a
weapon of “mass destruction” and would become the basis of tensions in the world today in North
Korea, India, and Iran)
Richly supports the theme with many relevant facts, examples, and details (expansion of German
empire to neighboring countries; formation of alliances; nationalism, militarism, and alliances lead
to war; expected that liberated peoples of Europe would destroy any or all remains of Nazism and
fascism; expected that in places like Poland, democratic institutions would be established and free
elections would take place; Germany was the loser at the end of World War I so was expected to
give away its coal mines, rights, and possessions; Germany was expected to take full responsibility
for all loss and damage caused during World War I)
Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion
that are somewhat beyond a restatement of the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 5. Although much of the information is
derived from the documents, document analysis is accurate. The response is strengthened by the
integration of documents and outside information in addressing all aspects of the task. The quality of
the content of the response is the determining factor for this score level rather than the weaker
introduction and conclusion.
Practice Paper C—Score Level 0
The response:
Fails to develop the task; only refers to the theme in a general way
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 0. The introduction restates the theme.
Some general economic reasons for wars are mentioned. One factor from document 3 is copied. No
attempt to develop the task is present in this response.
Practice Paper D—Score Level 1
The response:
Minimally develops some aspects of the task by mentioning reasons for wars and unexpected
outcomes of war
Is descriptive; lacks understanding, application, and analysis (some expected outcomes of war are
good while other are not; the United States had many expected outcomes from the Persian Gulf
War; Hussein kept threatening the United States even though he did not have much power)
Makes vague, unclear references to documents 3, 7, and 8
Presents limited relevant outside information (some leaders want democracy, while others want
communism)
Includes few relevant facts, examples, and details (no international peace organization; Saddam
Hussein a threat to nations); includes unrelated statements (some countries wanted to have a social
pyramid while others did not; expected outcome of the Persian Gulf War is that President H. W.
Bush said it was justified)
Demonstrates a general plan of organization; contains digressions; includes an introduction that
restates the theme and lacks a conclusion
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 1. Reasons for wars are stated, but they are
disjointed and not explained. Although the statement about Hussein’s threats after the Persian Gulf War
is relevant, the response lacks any discussion of this aspect.
Practice Paper E—Score Level 3
The response:
Develops all aspects of the task with little depth by discussing the political and economic reasons
for wars and discussing expected and unexpected outcomes of wars
Is both descriptive and analytical (money and power are always the causes for war; leader can
either make it or break it in a war; Church gave incentives of land and riches to get soldiers to fight
in Crusades; European countries constantly battled between each other to establish a greater
economy; easy to predict a war, but not its outcomes; Hussein’s reign of terror should have been
expected by the United States)
Incorporates some relevant information from documents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8
Incorporates limited relevant outside information (Church came up with the idea of a holy war;
Hitler used the depression to boost his power)
Includes some relevant facts, examples, and details (Germany needed more territory to grow as a
country; economic competition was a cause for World War I; trade established with the Middle
East after the Crusades; Treaty of Versailles was an unjust treaty; Hitler and World War II; Saddam
Hussein and the Persian Gulf War); includes a minor inaccuracy (Europeans expected to gain
control of Jerusalem, but they never ended up getting that far)
Demonstrates a satisfactory plan of organization; includes an introduction and a conclusion that are
somewhat beyond a restatement of the theme
Conclusion: Overall, the response fits the criteria for Level 3. Two wars are used to support a
discussion of each reason although they are discussed as separate entities. Good analytical statements
are included, but they lose their impact because no explanation or supporting details are given.
[126]
[127]
Global History and Geography Specifications
June 2005
Part I
Multiple Choice Questions by Standard
Standard
Question Numbers
1—US and NY History
2—World History
4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15, 16, 20, 21, 26, 27, 29, 30,
34, 38, 39, 40, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50
3—Geography
1, 2, 3, 7, 12, 14, 17, 19, 22, 24, 33, 35, 36,
41, 42, 44
4—Economics
11, 23, 25, 32, 37
5—Civics, Citizenship, and Government 8, 13, 18, 28, 31, 43
Parts II and III by Theme and Standard
Theme
Standards
Thematic Essay
Interdependence:
Global Problems
Standards 2, 3, and 4:
World History; Geography;
Economics
Document-based Essay Conflict: Causes and
Outcomes of War
Standards 1, 2, 3, and 4:
US and NY History; World
History; Geography;
Economics
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The Chart for Determining the Final Examination Score for the
June 2005 Regents Examination in Global History and Geography will be
posted on the Department’s web site http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/ on the
day of the examination. Conversion charts provided for the previous adminis-
trations of the Global History and Geography examination must NOT be used
to determine students’ final scores for this administration.
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